Newspapers / The Greensboro Patriot (Greensboro, … / Jan. 18, 1856, edition 1 / Page 1
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-. ... ; . " " ', ,, iiinm L u i miuiiii mi - -i- r n i T - r rf r T"-r - r " "' " '"L' '"r'T-'t''M''fyTr.'!''? ""' ' " """" VJJ"' 'tL - ." r :Z'J I. " ' ..V..V.".. " "'. - . " ,;7r---..- --.i " w wiyi';,-r---.: r7: - - ; . - --r-. -- -- - : ' .'"v V '- ; .V -'"- - " " -;-'- - . , iv ', " . . . f v - . J r ?. "AVv : "-: ' ' i . . :. ' - i I.,' . r ! ; - -?;--frrrc crnT VOL. 1. PCBUSBED WESKlt Y " . ' JAMES B. SHELTON,. ,; JAMBS a7N, Editor. Terms : $2 arTin advance ; S2 50 after six months, and 3 00 er re 52 months, from date of subscription. Rates of Advertising . ' ie linps for the first n ar ner sauare in"... . , reek, and twenty-live cents ioi ocy i . i faror of standing ad- after. Deductions maae m 3 MONTHS. One square, $3.50 Two squares, 7.00 Three (i col.) 10.00 udf rnlumn. 18.00 G M0STII3. $5.50 10.W 15.00 ' 25.00 1 YEAR. $8.00 14.00 - 20.00 35.00 Occasional renewals without additional charge granted to those who advertise regularly through th yea , - f Three dollars for announcing candidates lor oi- Court orders charged 25. per cent higher than th -above rates. Orders for divorce ol husband and Persons sending advertisements are requested to tv, mW of insertions required, or they will be inserted until forbid ; and if it is wished they should occupy the least space possible, w-rite upon the back close." Otherwise they will be put up in the usual style and charged accordingly. EF" No discount on these rates Y LAH i Ji - -' PARTY OF WORTH CAROLINA. At a Convention of the American party, held at Kaleigh, on the 10th of October, 1855, the following resolutions were adopt ed. Resolved, That, as the causes which ren dered the secrecy of the. American orgam- j nation necessary in ts infancy, no longer j cxst: all the secret -cermonials of the or- j der whether of initiation, obligations, signs, constitutions, rituals, or passwords be abol iahed" that we do constitute ourselves into a publicly organrzedary that we do chal lenge our opponents to the public discuss ion of our principles and we do hereby invite and invoke the aid and co-operation of all the citizens of the State, without re gard to their former p'olitical affiliations, in maintaining and carrying out the great aims principles and objects of the American par ty. ; Resolved, That we do hereby ratny ana 'endorse the principles enunciated in the .platform of the American party, by the 1 National Council of , the same, begun and ; held at Philadelphia, on the 5th day ol June, j 1855, in relation to the political policy of j the Government whilst at the same time, j with miiitary scrip or land. warrants, ta we consider the three great primary pnnei- J 1 nles of the organization, which constitute ken up under grants for roads, and elec- the basis of our party, as paramount m im portance to any issues of mere govcrniental policy. ; Resolved, That these three great primary principles are, first, the confinement-of the honors, offices and responsibilities of polit ical station, under our government, to native-born Americans, with, a due regard, at the same time, to the protection of the foreign-born in all the civil rights and privileges guaranteed to freemen by the constitution, whether Federal or State. Secondly, Resistance to religious intoler ance, and a rigid maiiitanance of the great principle of religious freedom bv exclud i a ing from office and power, those who would persecute for opinion's sake, who would control the politics of the country through Church influences or priestly interference; and who acknowledge an allegiance, to any .power on earth, whether civil or ecclesias tical, as -paramount to that which they owe to. the Constitution. And, Thirdly, unswerving devotion to the Union of these States, and resistance to all tactions and sectional attempts to weaken its bonds. Resolved, That in all nominations for po litical station here after to be made by the American Party, it is recommended that the same be done in open public meeting and that all those who agree with us in principle, and who concur in our aims, and objects, mall hereafter be recognized as members of he American party. Resolved, That it be recommended to the Vmerican Partv in this State to hold a Con ention of delegates, to be appointed in pub c primary meetings in the respectiv e coun es, in Greensboro,' on Thursday the 10th ay of April next, for the purpose of nomi- Jttmo- aTandidate to be run by the Amer- I an partv for Governor at thenext' election -tliat each county appoint as many Del- rUes as it chooses, and that the mode of ting in said convention be regulated by e convention itself. jusuivca, i nai we consiuer uie zau uay : Febuarynext-the time heretofore s6- . I. J rni .. . J 1 1 J i Vl r vi . -an order, for the nomination of candidates or President and Vice-President, as too fady a day for that purpose, and we do iiereoy reeommend o our breathren Ol the nrnnript. - f ' ;u propriety of postponing tlie holding of said convention, to some time in the month of June'or July. ' ' X Resolved, However, lest such postpone ment may not take place, it is deemed ad visable to appoint two delegates to represent the Statti -At l-i vention, and it is recommended to the A-Pierican-party in each Congressional Dis trict to hold primary meetings in the respec tive counties, and appoint delegates to Dis trict Conventions, for the selection of to legate from each respective District a aid nominating Convention. , , Resolved, That an Executive Cential Committee offive,be appointed by this body Whose dlltv it ctmU U nQ.l n tK duty it shall be to attend to the general concerns of the American nartv in 18 State, to carrv on the necessarv cor- pindHicp, and take surh incentive step as may be deemed necessary for the mdra J tnorougn organizaiion oiuie saia executive committee be authorized and requested to appoint a County Executive CommiUee for each County in the State; and that said County Executive Committee do further ap point a sub-committee for each election pre cinct in the county, with a view to a more thorough and complete organization of the American party in North Carolina. j President's Message. CONCLUDED. POST OFFICE. It will be perceived by the report of the Postmaster General that the gross expenditure of the Department for the last fiscal year was nine million nine hundred and sixty-eight thousand three hundred and forty-two dollars, and the gross receipts seven million three hund-- dred and forty-two thousand one hund red and thiity-six dollars, making an excess of expenditure over receipts of two million six hundred and twenty-six thousand two hundred and six dollars ; and that the cost of mail transportation during that year was six hundred and seventy -four thousand nine hundred and fifty-two dollars greater than the pre vious year.- Much of the heavy expen ditures to which the Treasury is thus subjected is to be ascribed to the large quantity of printed matter conveyed by; the mails, either franked or liable to no postage by law, or tp very low rates of postage compared , with that charged on letters, and to the great cost of mail ser vice on railroads and by ocean steamers. The suggestions of the Postmaster Gen eral on the subject deserve the consider ation of Congress. INTERIOR. The report of the Secretary of the In terior will engage your attention, as well for the useful suggestions it contains as for the interest and importance of the subjects to which they refer. The aggregate amount of public land "ce sold. during the last fiscal year, located ted as swamp lands by States, is twenty four million five hundred and fifty-seven thousand four hundred and nine acres; of which the portion sold was fifteen million seven hundred and twentynine thousand five hundred" and twenty-four acres, yielding in receipts the sum of eleven million four hundred and eighty five thousand three hundred and eighty dollars. In the same period of time eigljt million seven hundred and twenty three thousand eight hundred and fifty four acres have been surveyed ; but, in consideration of the quantity already sub ject to-entry,. no additional tracts have been brought into market. - . The peculiar relation of the General Government to the District of Columbia renders it proper to commend to your care not only its materia!, but also its moral interests, including education, more especially in those parts of the District outside of the cities of Washing ton and Georgetown. The Commissioners appointed to re vise and codify the laws of the District have made such progress in the perform ance of their task as to insure its com pletion in the time prescribed by the act of Congress. Information has recently been receiv ed that the peace of the settlements in i the Territories of Oregon and Washing- j ton is disturbed by hostilities on the part of the Indians, with indications of exten sive combinations of a hostile character In T-v- ni, 1, t I I U4- . i r. rw fKo ; iiog tu tnuc m tnut qua ici, more serious in their possible effect by I reason of the undetermined foreign inter- j . ests existing in those Territories, to ' which your attention has already been espcciaHv invited. Efficient measures i nave been taken which, it is believed, will restore quiet and afford protection to our citizens. In the Territory of Kansas there have been acts prejudicial to good order, but as yet none have occurred under circum- stflncps tr instvfv the intemosition of j j.j . 1 the Federal Executive. That could on ly be in case of obstruction to Federal law or of organized resistance, to Terri torial law, assuming the character of in surrection, which, if it should occur, it would be my duty promptly to overcome and suppress. I cherish the hope, how I ev- W thA nnP.,rronrP of anv such untoward event will be prevented by ..w, j r ed oy LEXIXGTQN; NORTH C AROLINA, rFRIDA , ' JANUARY the sonnd sense of . ihev people . of the Territory who.iKr 4t l,w sessing the right to determine their own j domestic institutions, are entitled, while deporting themselves peacefully, to the free exercise of that right, and must be protected in the enjoyment of-it, with outjnterference on the. part of the citi zens of any of the States.,; .,. . .; The southern boundary line of this Territory has never been surveyed and established. The rapidly-extending set tlements in that region, and the fact that the main route Between Indepen dence, in the' State of Missouri, and New Mexico, is continguents to this line, suggest the probability that em barrassing questions of jurisdiction may consequently arise. , For these and oth er considerations I commend the subject to your early attention. CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY OF THE GOVERNMRNT. I have thus passed in review the gen eral state of the Union, including such particular concerns of the Federal Gov ernment, whether of -domestic or foreign relation,, as it appaared to me, desirable and useful to bring to the special notice of Congress. Unlike the great States, of Europe, and Asia and many of those of America, these United States are wag ing their strength neither in foreign war nor demestic strife. Whatever of dis content or public dissatisfaction exists is attributable to the imperfections of human nature or is incident .to all Gov ernments, however perfecr, which hu man wisdom can'devise. Such subjects of political agitation as occupy he pub lic mind consist, to a greait extent, of exaggeration of inevitable evils, or over zeal in social improvement, or mere imagination of grievance, having but: re mote connexion with any of the consti tutional functions or duties of tho Fed eral Government. To Whatever extent these questions exhibit a tendency men acing to the stability of the Constitu- non or me integrity oi me union, .ano no further, they demand the considera tion of the Executive and require to be presented by him to Congress. Before the Thirteen Colonies became a confederation of independent States, chey were associated only by communi ty of transatlantic origin, by geographi cal nosition. and bv the mutual tieof common dependence on Great Britain. When that tie was sundered they sever ally assumed the powers and rights of absolute self-government. The munici pal and social institutions of each, its laws of property and of personal rela tions, even its political organization, were such only " as each one chose to establish, wholly without interference from any other. In the language of the Declaration of Independence, each State had "full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish com- merce, and to do all other acts and things" which independent States may of rightdo." The several colonies differ ed in climate, in soil, in natural produc tions, in religion, in systems of educa tion, in legislation, and in the forms o political administration; and they con tinued in differ in these respects when they voluntarily allied themselves as States to carry on the war of ,the Rev olution. The object of that war4 was to disen- thraPthe United Colonies from foreign rule, which had proved to be oppressive, and to separate them permanently from the mother country. The political re sult was the foundation of a Federal Re- f K Pubhc of the ee white men oi the Colonies, constituted as they, were, distinct and reciprocally inaependent State Governments. As for the subject races, whether Indian or Africa, the wise and brave statesmen of that day, being engaged in no extravagant jscheme of social change, left them as they were and thus preserved themselves and their posterity from the anarchy and the ever recuiring civil wars which have prevail ed in other revolutionized European col- onis of America. When the confederated States - found it convenient to modify the conditions of their association, by giving to the General Gov ernment direct access, in some respects, to the people otuhe States instead of confin ing it to actioir on the States as. such, they - UroceeQedo frame tlie existing constitution, arfhrinff .steadily.; to oncj ciiiaing roougiiH 0 , , wnicn i:as 10 u-i-gic vim- r- 1 a . Aniir siirii w w w was necessiiyarid proper "to toe execution of specific ' purposes Win'other1 words to retain as much as possible, consistently with those purposes, I of the independent powers ofctbef individual States. For objects ?ot common defence and secufity'they entrust ed 4q. the General Government certain care-fully-defioed functions, leaving all others as the undelegated rights of the seperate inde pendent sovereignties. Such is the constitutional theory of our Government, .the practical observance of wjiich has carrieo us, and us alone, among modern Republicans, through nearly three generations of tira,. without the cost of one drop of blood shedln civil war. With free dom and concert of action, it has enabled us to contend successfully on the battle-field against foreign foes has elevated the feeble colonies into powerful States, and has rais ed our industrial productions and our com merce which transports th6ra to the level of the richest and the- greatest natrons of Eu rope. And the admirable adaptation of our political institutions to their objects, com bining local self-government with aggregate strength, has establish the practicability of a Government like ours to cover a continent with federate States. The Congress of the United States is, in effect that Congress of Sovereigns which good me ri in the Old WorldV have sought for, but could never attain, and which im parts to America an exemption from tho mutable leagues for common action, from the wars, the mutual invasions, and vague aspirafipns after the balancc of power which eonvulse from time to time the Govern ments of Europe. Our co-operative action rests in the conditions of permanent confed eration prescribed by the Constitution. Our balance of power is in the separate re served rights of the States, and their equal representation in the Senate. That inde pendent sovereignty -in every one of the States, with its reserved rights of local self- government, assured " to each by their co- J equal power in the Senate, was the funda mental condition of the Constitution. With out it the Union, would never nave existed. However desirous the larger States might be to re-organize the Government so as to give to their population "its proportionate weight in the common councils, they knew it was impossible, unless they conceded to the smaller ones authoritv to exercise at least a negative influence on all the meas- ures of the Government,, whether legisla tive or executive, through their equal repre sentation in the Senate. Indeed the larger States themselves could not have failed to perceive that the same power was equally necessary to them for the security of their own domestic interest against the aggregate force of the General Governmeat. In a word, the original States went into this per manent league on the agreed premises of exerting their common strength for the de fence of the whole and of all its parts, but of utterly excluding all capability of reci procal aggression. Each solemnly .bound itself to all the others neither to undertake nor permit any encroachment upon or in termeddling with another's reserved rights. Where it was deemed expedient, partic ular rights of the States were expressly guaranteed by the Constitution ; but, in all things beside, these rights were guarded by the limitation of the powers granted; and by express reservation of all powers not gran the compact of union. Thus, the ... t gTeat power of taxation was limited to pur poses of common defence and general wel fare, excluding objects appertaining to the local legislation of the several States 4 and those purposes of general welfare and com mon defence were afterwards defined by specific enumeration, as being matters only of correlation between the States themsel ves, or between them and foreign Govern ments, which,-because7of their common and general nature, could not be left to the sep arate control of each State. Of the circumstances of local condition, interest, and rights, in which a portion of the States, constituting one great section ol the Union differed from the rest, and from another section; the most important was . 1 . 1 1 0 - the peculiarity of a larger relative coioreu population in the Southern tnan in me " . - .1 Northern States. ; ApopulationofthisclassMiicld in. sub- iection, existed in nearly aU the States but U mnrp numerous anK of more serious 5 ornm;nt in the South than in the North on account of naturally differences of cli mate and production ; and it was loreseen tnai, IOI II1C BillUC ICOOUima, " i... ( lation would diminish, and, sooner or later, cease to exist in some States, it m ight in- crease in others. ,The peculiar character and magnitude of this question of local rights, not in material relation only t but still more in social ones, caused it to enter into the special stipulations of the Constito-; . hiiph nnnu. 4 ?.t s- ur,- ii; thA General Uovernment. xma i.i.iivs m - - 18, 1856! as weltbj the enumerated powers granted to it; -as by those not enumeratedand there fore refused to it, Was forbidden to touch tnts matter in tKe sense of attack or offence it was placed under the general safeguard of the Union, in the sense of clefence in either invasion or domestic violence, like all other local interests of the several States Each State expressly stipulated, as well for itself as for each and all of its citizens, and all ofltsi citizens, and every citizen of each State became. solemnly bound by his alle giance to the Constitution, that any person, held to labor or service in oneState, escap ing into another, should not. inconsequence of any law or regulation thereof, be dis charged 1 from such service or labor, but should be delivered up on claim of the par ty tp whom such service or labor might be due by the laws of his State. Thus, and thus onlyi. by the5 reciprocal guaranty of all the rights of every State ugainst interference on the part of another was the present form of government estab lished by our fathers and transmitted to us; and by no other means is it possible for it to exist." If one State ceases to respect the rights of another, and obtrusively intermed- dies with its local interests ; if a portion of the States assume to impose their institu- tions on the others, or refuse. to fulfil their obligations to them, we are no longer united friendly States, but distracted hostile ones. with little capacity left of common advan- tage, but abundant means of reciprocal in- jury and mischief. Practically, it is immaterial whether ag- gressive interference between the States, or deliberate refusal on the part of any one of them to comply wiih constitutionalobliga- tions, arise from erroneous conviction or blind prejudice, whether it be perpetrated by direction or indirection. In either case it is full of threat and of danger to the dur- ability of the Union. CONSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS OF SLAVERY. Placed in the office of Chief Magistrate as the executive agent of the whole coun try, bound to . take, care that tbo- laws be faithfully executed, and specially enjoined J I by the Constitution to give information to Congress on tho state'of the Union, it would be palpable neglect of duty on my part to pass over a subject like this, which, !be- yond all things at the present time, vitally concerns individual and public security. It has been a matter of painful regret to see States, conspicuous for their services in founding this Republic, and equally sharing its advantages, disregard their constitutional obligations to it. Although conscious of their inability to heal admitted and palpa ble social evils of their own, and which are completely within their jurisdiction, they engage in the offensive and hopeless under taking of reforming the domestic institutions of other States wholly beyond their control and authority. In the vain pursuit of ends rntirrlv unattainable, and which KJ Jf II I W III - " J - y " - thev may not legally attempt to compass, they peril the very existence of the Consti- tution and all the countless benefits which it has conferred. While the people of the Southern States confine their attention to their own affairs, not presuming officiously to intermeddle with the social institutions of the Northern States, too many of the in- habitants of the latter are permanently or- ganized in associations to inflict injury on the former bv wrongful acts, which would be the cause of war as between foreign Most questionable as was this proposition Powers, and only fail to be such in our sys- in all its constitutional relatinns, neverthe- tem, because perpetrated . under cover of the less it received the sanction of Congress, Union. with some slight modifications of line, to It is impossible to present this subject as save the existing rightsof the intended new . truth and the occasion require, without no- State. It was reluctantly acquiesced in by ticing the reiterated but groundless allega- Southern States as a sacrifice to the cause ' tion that the South has persistently asserted of peace and of the Union, not only of the claims and obtained advantages in the rights stipulated by' the treaty of LoaUiana, practical administration of the General Gov- but of the principle J)f equality . araonj the ernment to the prejudice of the North, and States guarantied; by the Constitution. It . in which the latter has acquiesced : that is, was received by the Northern States with the States, which either promote or tolerate- angry and resentful condemnation and corn attacks on the rights of persons and of prop- plaint, because it did not concede all which ertv in other State, to disguise their own they had exactingly demanded. Having I.. . . . 1 . 1 justice, pretend or imagine anu corsuumy aver that they, whose constitutional rights a1 -n:nllr lociilorl OTA tllpm- are inus sjswiiiaiii.auj ....... i 1 . u c-rva a, inn nrcm TimR seives mc ag&iCo.. v - s imPUM5U g6" " " only in 4ha vague declamatory charges of political agitators, resolves itself into mis- apprehension or misinterpretatior. of the principles and facts of the political organi - I zation of the new Territories of the United oiaics. w hat is tne voice 01 nisiory 1 vr uen - . , . . I m -m . -m prdmance which provided for the govern- chargeable? - ment of the territory northwest of the river This controversy passed away with tha - Ohio, and- for its eventual subdivision Jnto occasion, nothing surviving it save the dor- new States, was adopted in the Congresa roant letter of the statute. . J "S - ' : of the Confederation, it is not to be srppos- But, long afterwards, when, by the pro- ed.lhat the question of future relative power, posed accession of the Republic of Texas? as beiween the States wh,ich retained and the United States we're to take their next - 1 i r i . A . M . ... - - inose nmcu um 1101 m uuuiuuw area population, escapea notice ox wucu a 1 NO. 25. be considered. " And yet -the concession' cf that vast territory .toihe interests andolai ions of the Northern States a-tenitdry: &o r: the seat of five among the largest members of the Union, was i. a great measure tha i act of the State of Virginia nd of the South. When .Louisiana wasacquired by tho United States it was an acquisition not less to the North than to the' South ; for whila- it was important to the country at the mouth" of the river Mississippi to become the em- :1 porium of the country above it, so also it . was even more important to the whole Uni--on to have that emporium. . And although the new province, by reason of its imperfect ' -settlement, was mainly regarded, as oa.ths . Gulf of Mexico, yet, injfact, it extended , to; the opposite boundaries of the United States, with far greater breadth above than below,, r and was in territory, as in everything elie," equally, at least, an accession to the North ern States. Itis mere delusion ami preju dice, therefore-to speak of .Louisiana as an" acquisition in the' special interest of tha : South. . . ' l-r.1 .Id u-s:-. The patriotic and just men who particips. n: ted in that act were influenced by rnolivcj , far above all sectional jealousies. It was, in truth, the great event which, by complet- . ing for us the valley of the Mississippu.wlth .. commercial access to the Gulf of Mexico", imparted unity and strength to tlie "whole Confederation; and attached together by in, dissoluble" ties the East and the West as well as the North and South. ' - - , As to Florida, that was but the transfer - by Spain to the UnitcdT. States of territory Gn the east side of the river Mississippi, in: . exchange for large territory which $he United States transferred to Spain on the west side 4 cf that river, as the entire diplomatic history , Qf the transaction serves to demonstrate. L Moreover, it was 'ah acquisition demanded . 4 by the commercial interests and the sccuri- ty of the whole Union. , In the mean time, the people of the Uni- ted States had grown up to a proper con- . sciousness of their strength, and in a brief " -contest with France; and a second 'sfcriouf vyar with Great Britain they had shaken off all which remained of undue reverence for ' J r . . V,m amntnlir Europe, ana emergeu irum ; , ----r of those trans-atlantic influences which Eur- rounded the infant Republic, and had begun to turn their attention to the full and. sys- tematic development of the internal resources of the Union. - . : , Among, the - evanescent controversies ol that period, the most conspicuous was in question of regulation by Congress of th tho e . 1 1?..; r .1. fniiiM Rttp tn hfl social conaiiion w iuo umw - -founded in the Territory of Louisiana. The ordinance for the government of the territory northwest of the river Ohio had contained a provision which prohibited t!.3 use of servile labor therein, subject to the condition of the extradition of fugitives from service due in any other part of the United States. Subsequently to tneaaopuoijoiuic Constitution, tills provision ccaw I' . - n tm f OT 1 n , . - - as a law or itsjoperation as such was aU- solutely superseded by the Constitution.-- But the recollection of the fact excited the zeal ot social propaganaism ia Buu.o. of the confederation ; and, when a second State, that of Missouri, came to be formed in the Territory of Louisiana, proposition was made to extend to the latter Territory the restriction originally applied to the coun- try situated between Jthe rivers Ohio andV Mississippi. 1 . 1 t r - r 1 o.;.Utmn passeu mrougu uie ion 5..w, ... look its place 1 in the statute-book; standing nnnn tn rnP!)1. lilcP ST1V Other &P.t of rfotlbt- ur , ... ful constitutionality, subject to, be pronoun ced null and void by the courts of law, and possessing no possible efficacy to control the rights of the States which might there- afterhe organized out of any part of the or- - 1 iginal territory of Louisiana. In all this, if any aggression there were, aUy iuuduuu upu Pic-CahwUS v..-, me which portion ot tne union are tney lusuy tut - 1 8tei) Jn territorial ereatness. a simuar con- i 1 ...... . j. w cqncu'Dxd om pocuth piox. 1 - -
The Greensboro Patriot (Greensboro, N.C.)
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Jan. 18, 1856, edition 1
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